Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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What is ADHD?
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a brain disorder that is characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity that interferes with everyday life and development. ADHD is commonly diagnosed during childhood. In fact, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) reports that about 5% of children in the United States have ADHD.
Contrary to popular belief however, ADHD symptoms can continue or develop in adulthood. The symptoms of ADHD can not only hinder learning during childhood but equally impair an adult’s ability to function in everyday life.
ADHD vs. ADD
Before 1994, Attention-deficit disorder (ADD) and Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were considered two separate conditions. Now, doctors use the term ADHD to refer to all forms of attention-deficit disorder.
There are three subtypes of ADHD: primarily inattentive, primarily hyperactive-impulsive, and combined (including symptoms of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive subtypes).
Symptoms of ADHD
The most commonly known ADHD symptoms are inattentiveness (the inability to focus and stay on task), hyperactivity and impulsiveness.
The symptoms of ADHD, primarily inattentive include:
- Being easily distracted
- Not following directions
- Difficulty finishing tasks
- Difficulty listening
- Difficulty paying attention
- Making careless mistakes
- Forgetting about daily activities
- Difficulty organizing daily tasks
- Often losing things
The symptoms of ADHD, primarily hyperactive-impulsive include:
- Frequent squirming, fidgeting, or bouncing when sitting
- Inability to stay seated
- Difficulty being quiet
- Restlessness
- Talking excessively
- Impatience
- Interrupting others
In children, these symptoms are often easily identifiable, causing them to blurt out answers during class, have difficulty waiting their turn, and fidget in a classroom setting.
ADHD in Adults
In adults, ADHD presents itself in several different ways. Some of these are similar to those exhibited in children, while others vary significantly. These symptoms include:
- Tendency to run late
- Forgetfulness
- Anxiety
- Low self-esteem
- Anger management issues
- Impulsiveness
- Disorganization
- Procrastination
- Becoming easily frustrated
- Always feeling bored
- Difficulty concentrating when reading
- Mood swings
- Depression
These symptoms can contribute to struggles with personal relationships, problems at work, and an increased risk for anxiety, depression, and substance abuse issues.
Causes of ADHD
While scientists are unsure of the exact cause of ADHD, they know that the area of the brain that affects attention is less active in people with ADHD. Some studies have also shown that poor nutrition, smoking, drinking, and substance abuse during pregnancy can affect a baby’s brain development and possibly lead to ADHD.
ADHD often occurs in families, indicating that there is likely a genetic component as well. ADHD is more common in males, and most females with ADHD tend to be primarily inattentive rather than hyperactive-impulsive.
ADHD Treatment Options
ADHD is most treated with medication, psychotherapy, coaching, or a combination of the three. The most common type of medication for ADHD is stimulants. Stimulants often help people with ADHD stay focused and on task by increasing brain activity in the area of the brain associated with attentiveness.
Common stimulant ADHD medications include:
- Methylphenidates, like Ritalin
- Amphetamines, like Adzenys or Dyanavel
- Mixed amphetamine salts, such as Adderall
Non-stimulant medications can also be used to treat ADHD in some cases. Common such medications include:
- Atomoxetine, also known as Strattera
- Bupropion, also known as Wellbutrin
- Viloxazine, also known as Qelbree
Because different individuals react differently to various medications, along with stimulants, there are many other types of medication that may be used to treat ADHD. The medication that a provider chooses will be based on a patient’s symptoms and medical history.
While not yet FDA-approved for treatment of ADHD, TMS has also been used successfully to treat ADHD in cases where traditional medication has failed. TMS has shown particular success in treatment of patients also suffering from depression or anxiety.
Schedule an Appointment for ADHD Testing and Treatment
If you think you or a loved one may have ADHD, one of our highly skilled psychiatrists will be happy to provide comprehensive ADHD screening at one of our eight convenient locations and work with you to find the best possible treatment plan. Call us at (844) 692-4100 or send us a message to schedule an appointment at one of our convenient locations spanning Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah!
